The paper，based on the concept of harmonious society，establishes the index system by selecting 38 important and representative indicators to reflect the degree of harmonious society. The system consists of six sub-systems，namely social structure，population quality，economic efficiency，quality of life，social order and social stability. Using the relevant data from 1978 to 2006，the paper analyzes the degree of harmony concerning social and economic development，as well as the harmonious conditions between human and society，human and nature，and human and human.