The "One Belt One Road" as China's first and high-level economic conception meets the requirements of world economic integration. It has made important contributions to the economic development of China's western region, central region, eastern coastal region and countries along the route, and has opened up new horizons for the realization of mutual benefit, win-win cooperation and open development for the countries in the economic belt. The “One Belt One Road” initiative has benefited a total of about 4.4 billion people along the route and a total economic volume of about 21 trillion U.S. dollars, creating a new world of commodity trade. However, with the intensification of international competition, the regionalization, grouping, and political, cultural, and economic differences between regions have made the overall progress of the "One Belt One Road" face many obstacles. By grasping the background and ideas of the “One Belt One Road” initiative, this article explores the opportunities and obstacles faced by the “One Belt One Road” construction in combination with the second summit, and proposes countermeasures. <<