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    21世纪日本提高一线劳动者劳动报酬政策分析

    摘要

    日本近年来出台了一系列政策措施扩大就业、提高一线劳动者工资报酬,包括通过设立就业补助金,引导企业扩大用工、稳定劳动关系;通过非行政手段对工资集体协商施加影响,引导工资合理增长;采用税收和经济补助政策,弥补企业成本,提高一线劳动者待遇;制定参考模板,帮助中小企业完善内部用工分配制度;完善职业能力培训评价体系,促进劳动者凭技能增加工资;等等。这些政策对于促进日本弱势群体就业、保持技术工人队伍稳定和增加一线劳动者工资待遇、缩小分配差距都发挥了积极作用。日本的成功经验提示,在市场经济条件下,我国政府可以以更积极的态度、更灵活的方式手段间接调控企业工资分配,综合采用法律、税收、经济、信息引导、技术服务、评优评先等多种手段来影响企业工资分配行为,保护和提高一线劳动者报酬,缩小工资收入差距。

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    Abstract

    In recent years,Japan has introduced a series of policies and measures to expand employment and increase the wages for front-line workers,including:setting aside employment subsidies to guide enterprises to expand employment and stabilize labour relations;influencing collective bargaining on wages through non-administrative means so as to lead reasonable wage growth;adopting tax and economic subsidy policies to make up the corporate costs and to improve the benefit of front-line workers;developing reference templates to help small and medium-sized enterprises improve their internal labour distribution system;improving the vocational capability building and evaluation system,so as to promote the mechanism of workers’ wage increase by virtue of skills,etc. These policies have played a positive role in promoting the employment of disadvantaged groups in Japan,maintaining the stability of the skilled workforce,increasing the wages of front-line workers,and narrowing down the income gap. Japan’s successful experience suggests that under the conditions of a market economy,Chinese government can indirectly regulate the distribution of corporate wages in a more active and flexible manner,comprehensively adopte a variety of measures,such as laws,taxation,economic means,information guidance,technical services,appraisal,and incentives to influence the corporate wage distribution,protect and increase the remuneration of front-line workers,and narrow down the wage and/or income gap.

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    作者简介
    王宏:王宏,中国劳动和社会保障科学研究院研究员,主要研究领域为宏观收入分配、劳动关系与企业工资分配宏观调控、人才评价与激励等。
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