This chapter introduces the development of private elementary education in China over the past year by sorting out statistical data，relevant policies，academic research and industry reports. From the statistics，the scale of private elementary education continues to expand，and there is still a broad market demand. The main source of funding is institutional income such as tuition fees. Compared with public elementary education，the proportion of investment of national fiscal funds，which reflects the strength of financial support，is still low. In terms of teachers，private schools still have the problems of a small number of full-time teachers and a high student-teacher ratio. In 2020，China will promulgate important policy documents on the enrollment of private schools，the governance of after-school training institutions，and the development of integrated online education，which will have a far-reaching impact on all types of private education providers. The reform of private schools’ enrollment policy promotes educational equity and forces the connotation development of private schools. Governance of after-school training institutions reduce the burden of students，and standardize the market order. K12 online education broke the traditional offline education model and developed against the trend during the epidemic. Reviewing the past，private education has contributed significantly to the outstanding achievements of China’s elementary education during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. Looking into the future，China’s private education is facing a turning point in its development under the new institutional environment. It is necessary for the school operators to assess the situation，adapt to the people’s pursuit of high-quality education system，and promote the private education to improve the quality and efficiency of the benign development road.