The social governance of urban and rural ecological environment protection refers to mobilizing the majority of grass-roots organizations and the public to participate widely and deeply in ecological environment protection，combining social forces with government administrative forces to promote the improvement of urban and rural ecological environment. In recent years，the ecological environmental protection social governance with environmental information disclosure，public participation in ecological environmental protection practice and social green life as the main contents has developed rapidly. It is a process of transformation from the government directly controlled environmental governance model to the social check and balance environmental governance model. Its main path is to establish a social responsibility and obligation system and a social rights and interests system.