Xiangxi Prefecture is the only minority autonomous prefecture in Hunan Province. It is a national cultural and ecological protection experimental area and an enrichment area for material and cultural heritage of Hunan. In the context of the steady advancement of poverty alleviation and the rapid development of the tourism industry，the Xiangxi Prefecture has stood out in the protection and development of intangible cultural heritage by strengthening the inventory protection，promoting institutional construction，creating a heritage display platform，and achieving living heritage. This report believes that the protection and development of the intangible cultural heritage of the Xiangxi Prefecture is facing the problems of rapid changes in cultural ecology，shrinking inheritance groups，insufficient effectiveness of capital use and social participation. The research team believes that the Xiangxi Prefecture needs to achieve the protection and development of the intangible cultural heritage by promoting comprehensive protection，carrying out systematic research，realizing new media communication，and integrating with the cultural and tourism industry.