In 2020，public health security has become one of the most important issues in global governance. The continuous spread of the COVID-19 epidemic worldwide has brought impacts on public health security，economy and society problems to many states. Based on its active participation in global governance in recent years，China has contributed to the international community’s fight against the epidemic and the improvement of the public health security governance system through supporting the leading position of the World Health Organization，actively participating in international anti-epidemic cooperation and providing public products. It is remarkable that China’s shortcomings in its ability to participate in the governance of global public health security，the rising de-globalization and populist waves，the so-called superpower competition，and the wrong actions in fighting against the epidemic in certain countries will become the core challenges for China’s participation in global public health security governance in the future. In this context，China should adhere to multilateral cooperation and continue to contribute to the governance of global public health security.