The purpose of this study is to understand the current situation of prosocial behavior of residents in Beijing and explore the influencing factors of prosocial behavior. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1803 residents in Beijing. The data were analyzed by independent sample t-test，and one-way ANOVA. The results show that the prosocial behavior of Beijing residents is in the middle level. Among the six dimensions of prosocial behavior，the scores of openness，emotional dimension and urgency dimension were higher than the middle value of the scale，and the scores of anonymity，altruism and compliance are lower than the middle value of the scale. The marital status，educational level，working status，monthly income，registered residence and number of children had significant effects on the prosocial behavior. At the same time，prosocial behavior is positively correlated with life satisfaction，pro-environment behavior and collectivist value. The higher levels of life satisfaction，pro-environment behavior and collectivist value，the higher levels of pro-social behavior of residents. According to the above results，this study puts forward relevant suggestions and countermeasures to promote citizens’ pro-social behavior and build a harmonious society.