Objective：The purpose of this study is to understand the current situation of environmental protection awareness of Beijing residents and explore its influencing factors. Method：A total of 1753 Beijing residents were investigated by questionnaire，and the data were tested by independent sample t-test，one-way ANOVA and other statistical methods. Result：The average score of environmental protection awareness of Beijing residents was 82.28. Beijing residents who are over 30 years old，married or cohabitating，have children，have a monthly income of more than 2001 yuan，and retired have higher levels of environmental protection awareness. The residents in Beijing，who are living in urban or sub-urban have higher levels of awareness of environmental protection than those living in other places. There were significant positive correlation between residents’ environmental protection awareness and collectivist values，pro environmental behavior，and pro-social behavior. There was no gender and education differences in environmental protection awareness. Conclusion：Age，marital status，working condition，occupation，monthly income level，residential address，and numbers of children have an impact on the environmental protection awareness of Beijing residents. The more positive collectivist values，pro environmental behaviors and pro-social behaviors，the higher residents’ environmental protection awareness.