As one of the countries with the most serious aging population in the world，the development of Japan’s home care service system are of great significance for China，which is seeking to establish its own long-term care service system with the rapid development of aging population. Through the analysis of Japan’s care needs assessment system and home care service system，this report found that Japan has formed a home care prevention service system for “to be supported” people and a home care service system for “to be cared for” people，and incorporated the home care system into the regional intensive care service system. The government has also taken the promotion of self-supporting life support and rehabilitation training services for the elderly as its main task，and It has established a comprehensive daily life supportservice for those who need support and a general care and prevention service for all the elderly aged 65 and above. Based on this，combined with the current situation of the development of home care service system in China，this report suggests that China should establish a home care service system that pays equal attention to disability prevention and care，the service fee should consider the service content and level；and at the same time，it should take the establishment of long-term care insurance as an opportunity to guide the “division of responsibilities” between home care service and institutional care service.