Promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities is an inevitable requirement for the country’s social modernization in the face of changes in the social structure. During the 13th Five-year Plan period，Anhui has achieved significant results in municipal social governance in terms of social organization，community service system，conflict resolution，and social security management and control. However，there is still much room for improvement in social organization supervision，grassroots self-governance standardization，risk source governance，basic public service levels and social psychological services. Current urban social governance modernization is facing the new situations and challenges of population aging and low fertility expectations，urbanization of agricultural transfer population，modulation of urban and rural production and lifestyle，and the wave of information technology innovation. During the 14th Five-year Plan period，efforts must be made to focus on human modernization，improve governance framework，enhance governance capabilities，seize precision governance，promote integrated governance within the municipal unit，develop differentiated governance models based on regional characteristics，and improve policies from five aspects，i.e.，politics，self-governance，rule of law，rule of virtue，and rule of wisdom.