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谢伏瞻
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    德国担任欧盟轮值主席国的整体表现及其在欧盟的领导力

    摘要

    德国于2020年下半年在欧洲深陷新冠肺炎疫情危机的背景下担任欧盟轮值主席国,将打造“新冠轮值主席国”作为核心要务,提出“共同让欧洲再次强大”的口号,拿出了重大标志性成果,并在疫情应对、气候、数字、外交等政策领域取得实质进展,但在移民、非洲和欧盟扩大等政策领域成果寥寥,其整体表现可圈可点。笔者认为,德国在担任轮值主席国期间,其领导作用总体上经受住了重重考验,而德国在欧盟发挥领导力和影响力有其独特的方式与特点,同时也表现出较大的局限性,其领导风格仍旧是“主导”多于“领导”。德国战后发展路径的历史选择给其在欧洲领导力方面的发挥打下了深深的烙印,应当综合考察影响德国的欧洲政策决策的多重因素。从主观意愿看,历史经验教训导致德国慎言宏大的地缘政治战略和雄心;从客观条件看,欧洲内部表决机制、力量对比等因素也对德国领导力起到牵制作用。 <<
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    Abstract

    In the second half of 2020,against the backdrop of the Corona crisis in Europe,Germany assumed the rotating six-months presidency of the EU. It made the formation of a “Corona presidency” under the motto “Together for Europe’s recovery” its major priority and brought about a number of notable achievements. It has made substantial progress in policy areas such as the response to the pandemic,climate,digitalization and foreign affairs. But few results have been achieved in other areas such as migration,relations with Africa and EU enlargement. The presidency’s overall performance,however,was remarkable. The author believes that during its presidency Germany’s stewardship in general withstood many tests,and while its leadership and influence in the EU has its own unique ways and characteristics,it does at the same time reveal considerable limitations. In its style of governance Germany still rather prefers to “dominate” than to “lead”. The historical choice of Germany’s post-war development has left its mark on its style of leadership and its influence in Europe. Multiple factors have to be considered in assessing the decision-making of Germany’s European policy. From a subjective perspective,historical experience and lessons have led to Germany’s cautious attitude towards geopolitical strategy and ambition. From an objective perspective,the internal voting mechanisms and the distribution of power in the EU also affect Germany’s role as a leading force.

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    作者简介
    伍慧萍:伍慧萍,哲学博士,同济大学德国问题研究所/欧盟研究所教授,主要研究领域为德国及欧洲政治、外交、移民、教育。
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