Science and technology innovation is the primary force driving high-quality economic development. Promoting cooperation in science and technology innovation is conducive to accelerating the high-quality development of the “Belt and Road” under the new situation. Since the Initiative was launched，science and technology innovation cooperation has rendered notable results，injecting new momentum into the economic and social development of countries along the route. Currently，the “Belt and Road” cooperation in science and technology innovation still faces some challenges. Therefore，it is necessary to further strengthen the top-level design，step up the cultivation of international talents，and improve the services of enterprises as innovation entities. As such，science and technology innovation can provide a driving force for the “Belt and Road” high-quality development. Cooperation in science and technology innovation can open up an effective way to equal cooperation and shared benefits for countries varying in development stages，cultural traditions，resource endowments and social regimes.