Food and drug safety belongs to a typical social control field. Procuratorial public interest litigation，as a supplementary means of administrative law enforcement，makes up for the shortcomings of the existing administrative mechanism and plays the role of social co-governance. Quantitative analysis of food and drug safety public interest litigation cases during 2015-2019 found that the number of cases handled increased year by year；the number of pre-litigation cases has increased greatly，which is asymmetric with the proportion of litigation cases；the proportion of criminal incidental civil public interest litigation is the highest，followed by civil public interest litigation；the clue sources of civil and administrative public interest litigation cases are different. From a qualitative point of view，the main body of food and drug safety violations is “three small ones”. Although the administrative organs pursue their responsibilities according to the objective imputation principle，there are often areas of law enforcement gaps due to the lack of law enforcement power. The space for procuratorial public interest litigation is mostly from the blank of administrative law enforcement. The illegal consequences of investigation include disrupting market order and endangering food and drug safety，while the illegal performance of administrative organs is non-performance or insufficient performance. In the future，on the basis of distinguishing food safety supervision from food market supervision，strengthening the connection between public interest litigation and criminal prosecution，we should improve the administrative public interest litigation mechanism of food safety by correctly understanding the limitations of administrative public interest litigation，strengthening cooperation and exchanges between administrative organs and procuratorial organs，flexibly using procuratorial suggestions of public interest litigation and social governance，and perfecting the connection mechanism between the two methods.