经济技术开发区是改革开放伟大实践的历史创举。50份国家级经济技术开发区规范文件的分析表明:各地的经济技术开发区规范以地方性法规为主,呈现出较强的顶层驱动性;规范与当地经济发展水平存在一定的相关性;立法缺失、滞后与革新并存;不同规范的立法目的相近,但又不失地方特色;规范的篇章结构与立法更新的时间相关;规范结构科学性不一。诸多经济技术开发区规范呈现出国家级经济技术开发区功能定位落后于国家政策的共性问题。此外还存在经济技术开发区管理机构法律地位不明、管理体制机制创新的规定不足、重大行政决策机制阙如、赋权不到位导致“放管服”改革落地艰难、法律责任条款缺失等共性问题。未来的经济技术开发区立法应当加强顶层设计,可以采用行政法规的形式,确立经济技术开发区产城融合的发展思路,明确经济技术开发区管理机构派出机关的法律地位,赋予其更多的体制机制创新权,为国家级经济技术开发区的长远发展提供法律保障。
<<Economic and Technological Development Zones (ETDZ) are historic innovations in the great practice of reform and opening up. The analysis based on 50 regulations for national ETDZ,found that ETDZ regulations are mainly in the form of local laws and regulations and have been driven by central policy document. There is a certain correlation between the regulations’ quality and the local economic development level,and legislation lack,lag and innovation coexist. The legislative purposes of different regulations are similar,but there are also local characteristics. There is a correlation between the textual structure and the time of legislative renewal,and scientific nature of legislation varies. Common problems exist in ETDZ regulations:the function orientation of national ETDZ regulations lags the national policy,and the legal status of the administrative organs of the ETDZ is unclear. There are few clauses about innovation of management system and mechanism and significant decision-making mechanism. The lack of adequate empowerment has made it difficult to implement reforms to delegate power,manage and improve services. Legal liability clause is missing. The future legislation of ETDZ should strengthen the top-level design and can adopt the form of administrative laws and regulations. Establish the development thought of the integration of industry and city,clarify that administrative organs of ETDZ is administrative agency,and empower it innovation right of management system and mechanism to provide legal protection for the long-term development of national ETDZ.
<<Keywords: | Legal StatusLaw RegulationsETDZ |