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    2020年把握机遇、迎接挑战,稳步推进全国文化中心建设

    摘要

    2020年,全球新冠肺炎大流行作为最大的黑天鹅事件,对社会各行业发展都产生了巨大的影响。北京文化几乎全领域、全行业都受到疫情波及,文化产业、文化旅游等在上半年同比下降明显,公共文化服务和文化遗产保护相关的文化活动、基建工程、项目运营、转轨改制等进度缓慢甚至停滞,在这种情形下,北京市及时出台一系列政策措施,稳定了局势,将疫情对文化发展带来的影响降至最低。随着下半年疫情得到有效防控,社会各领域都按下了“复苏键”,文化发展也迎来强劲反弹,公共文化场馆限流开放,文化产业各要素顺畅流通,文化活动逐步回温,文化项目、文化基建开始重启,体制机制改革的步伐加快。由于政策扶持干预和市场需求反弹双重因素作用,文化行业全年总体呈现局部收缩、整体微增的发展态势。

    本报告针对北京文化未来发展的主要预测与建议如下。北京各区文化产业发展水平差距明显,随着北京城市转型发展和产业布局调整,可以预测“十四五”时期,北京各区文化产业的发展格局将是通州区、石景山区东西两翼齐飞,海淀区、朝阳区双峰并峙,东城区、西城区、丰台区整体比重稳中略降,近郊远郊仍是文化产业发展洼地,但怀柔区将形成文化产业新的增长极。2020年北京文化产业在内容生产领域逆势上扬,而内容生产一直是文化产业发展的主要瓶颈,相对于渠道、终端等领域的下降趋势,文化产业一定程度上实现了结构调整,蓄积了新一轮增长的势能,未来一两年如果政策和市场平稳运行,文化产业应该能迎来较大幅度的增长。应充分把握北京全国文化中心与科技创新中心两个定位的关系,文化相关产业要稳定地产生增量,最关键的是与科技融合,发展包括数字文化在内的新业态。

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    Abstract

    In the year of 2020,the coronavirus pandemic had hit the world and caused strong and far-reaching impact on almost all works of life,Beijing’s cultural development had been significantly affected by the pandemic as well. The revenue of cultural industry and cultural tourism had droped dramatically in the first half of the year;the progress of cultural activities,construction work,project operation,enterprise restructuring and etc. in the fields of public service and preservation of cultural heritage had slowed down even experienced stagnation. Under the circumstances,Beijing had swiftly taken some actions to introduce policies and stabilize the situation,thus keep the loss to the minimum. Thanks to the effective epidemic prevention in the second half of the year,the green shoots of recovery had been showed in every aspect of society,cultural development had also witnessed a strong recovery. Public cultural centers had reopened on a limited basis,cultural activities had got warm again after lock-down,industrial factors had circulated smoothly,cultural projects and cultural infrastructure had been resumptive,reform of institutional mechanism had accelerated. With the help of supportive policies and the rebound of market demand,the cultural industry in the year of 2020 had experienced a partially decrease but kept a slightly rise as a whole.

    Considering the future cultural development in Beijing,this report proposes prospect and suggestion as follows:1. Significant differences have shown in the development of cultural industry in districts of Beijing,along with the transformation and development of Beijing and industrial restructuring,it could be predicted that during the 14th Five-Year Plan,the development patterns of cultural industry in districts of Beijing will manifest changing trends as bellow:Tongzhou District and Shijingshan District are east and west growth engines,Haidian District and Chaoyang District are two peak clusters,Dongcheng District,Xicheng District and Fengtai District are stable with a slight decline,suburbs and outer suburbs still fall behind in cultural industry in the capital city,but Huairou District will become the growth pole in cultural industry. 2. Cultural industry had made great achievements in adversity in the field of content production in the year of 2020,as the main bottleneck in cultural industry,content production had gone through restructuring and accumulated motive force of a new-round growth compared with downward trend in fields of channel and terninal. If policy and market are showing a good situation of steady development in the coming one or two years,the cultural industry should have a substantial growth. 3. Balancing the relationship between the national cultural center and science technology innovation center as the strategic positioning of capital development. On the one hand,cultural industries should keep increase steadily,on the other hand,promoting the integration of culture and technology,thus emerging industry such as digital culture would maintain rapid development.

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    作者简介
    黄仲山:黄仲山,北京市社会科学院文化研究所副所长、副研究员,主要从事文化理论和文学理论研究。
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