Based on the situation of emergency supplies support in the process of fighting COVID-19 in 2020，the emergency preparedness capability，the construction status of emergency material support and the ability to support emergency materials are analyzed. Research shows that before the COVID-19，China had problems such as insufficient emergency supplies reserve，low production capacity，single types of reserves，insufficient reserve awareness and professional reserve capacity，inadequate coordination of emergency supplies logistics，non-disclosure and transparency，and imperfect emergency supplies support laws. It is suggested to construct an emergency material support system composed of emergency material reserve management system，digital emergency logistics support system，emergency material support legal system and emergency coordination and disposal system of responsible departments，so as to strengthen the capacity construction of emergency material support.