The high-quality development of agricultural and rural areas is an important part of the strategy of rural revitalization，and an inevitable requirement for China’s agricultural and rural areas to achieve leap-forward development in the new stage. Depending on the geographical location，resource endowment and other natural conditions，the Pearl River-Xijiang River Economic Belt initially forms a diversified agricultural development model. The modern agricultural system is basically formed，and has achieved some results. However，compared with the requirements of high-quality development，there are still some problems at this stage，such as the conflict between inefficient supply of agricultural products and multiple demand，the increasing pressure of agricultural sustainable development，the need to strengthen the agricultural characteristic industry，and the pace of industrial integration and innovation of operation model needs to be accelerated. The 14th Five-Year Plan period is an important stage of development for accelerating industrial transformation and upgrading，fostering new drivers of development，comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation，and also the important transition period of opportunities and challenges for the high-quality development of agriculture in the Pearl River-Xijiang River Economic Belt. Under the complex background of economic development，it is of special significance to promote the agricultural supply-side structural reform of and realize the priority development of agricultural and rural areas. The Pearl River-Xijiang River Economic Belt should effectively integrate agricultural resources，cultivate new driving forces of rural development，improve the efficiency of total factor agricultural output，and promote the high-quality development of agriculture to realize the rural revitalization.