Science Technology Innovation （STI） is the first driving force to improve development and people’s livelihood. This report makes a comprehensive evaluation of China’s innovation capability from four areas：innovation environment，innovation resources，innovation achievements and innovation benefits. First of all，the hierarchical clustering method is used to divide China’s innovation development process from 1991 to 2018 into 4 stages：1991-1999 is the initial stage，2000-2007 is the accelerated development stage，2008-2014 is the stable development stage，2015-2018 is the high-quality development stage. Secondly，the national innovation capacity development index of China from 2008 to 2018 is compiled based on the values of various innovation indicators in 2008. Finally，this report compares and analyzes the core indicators of innovation capability between China and seven innovative countries，and calculates and forecasts the catch-up index of China’s innovation capability from 1991 to 2035 by taking the core indicators of innovation capability of the United States and Japan as the benchmark value. The results show that although China’s innovation ability has been significantly improved，it is still restricted by factors such as low conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements，low investment in basic research，and a small proportion of researchers among the employed population. In the future，it is necessary to increase the investment in basic research and applied research，attach importance to the cultivation and support of human resources in basic research，build a technology innovation system with enterprises as the main body，market-oriented，and deep integration of industry，university and research，and effectively improve the performance of scientific and technological achievements transformation.