2020年2月,“外卖骑手”成为我国的一个新职业,在国家职业分类目录中被称为“网约配送员”。2020年上半年,我国网约配送员多达415万人,成为就业的重要组成部分,但是他们的劳动权益却处于政策保障的真空地带。通过对美团、饿了么、点我达等多家外卖平台的调研,本报告首先厘清了各类网约配送员的用工特征、用工性质、各主体之间的用工关系、法律责任等;其次,对各类用工形式,在数量占比、劳动报酬、社保缴纳、工伤保险、纠纷处理等方面进行比较。再次,阐述网约配送员的用工现状和存在的问题,分析灵活用工产生的原因,并剖析权益得不到保障的原因。最后,从政府、工会、企业组织等视角,提出关于网约配送员权益保障的对策建议。
<<In February 2020,China’s “take-out rider” became a new occupation,as the name of “Network Distributors” in the national occupational classification catalogue. In the first half year of 2020,China’s Network Distributors up to 4.15 million people,become an important channel to absorb employment,but their labor rights and interests are in the vaccum of policy protection.
This report analyze all kinds of labor and employment situation through Research on Meituan Enterprise,Eleme Enterprise and Point I Platform Enterprise,in order to get a better understanding in protecting the rights and interests of riders. It first clarifies the employment characteristics,nature of employment,employment relationship and legal responsibility of all kinds of network distributors. Secondly,compares the various forms of employment,such as quantity ratio,nature of employment,social security payment,industrial injury insurance,dispute handling,etc. Thirdly,expounds the current situation and existing problems of network contract distributor,analyzes the causes of flexible employment,and analyzes the reasons why the rights and interests are not guaranteed. Finally,from the perspective of government,trade union,enterprise organization and so on,it puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the protection of the rights and interests of network distributors.
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