The increasing number of people who lost their only child in Beijing has made the problem of losing only child a social issue that cannot be ignored. Actively advancing the social security system arrangements for groups who have lost independence only child is an important measure for the central and local governments to pay attention to people’s livelihood，respond to the demands of groups who have lost only child，and maintain fairness and justice. This article examines the specific content of the current social security arrangements for the groups who lost only child，summarizes Beijing’s experience and reference in the exploration of the social security practice for the groups，analyzes the current problems and deficiencies，and discusses the future development of the social security for the groups who lost only child on this basis policy orientation.