From the perspective of the change of legal provisions，the mechanism of government protection institutions for children is constantly strengthening the trend of the combination of unification and decentralization and extending to the grassroots. At present，the main mechanisms of the government in charge of the protection of children include the women and children working committee of the State Council，the inter ministerial joint conference system of the State Council for the care and protection of rural left behind children and the protection of children in difficulties，the local children protection committees and the government departments closely related to the protection of children. The responsibilities of government protection of children mainly include promoting family education，ensuring the balanced development of compulsory education，promoting the development of infant care services and preschool education，promoting vocational education，ensuring special education，ensuring the safety of campus and its surrounding areas，promoting places and facilities suitable for children’ activities，promoting children’ health care services，implementing classified security for children in difficulties，establishing temporary and long-term government organizations，setting up a national unified Hotline for the protection of children，setting up an information inquiry system for specific offenders，and promoting the development of the support system for the protection of children.