Sustainable diets have rich connotation and complex content，which is not only the important goal of sustainable food system development，but also the key driving force of it. With the improvement of agricultural productivity，the energy intake of Chinese residents is basically guaranteed. In addition to grain and edible oil，the consumption of all kinds of food has increased significantly，and the nutritional structure has been continuously optimized as well. However，there are obvious problems in the environmental，social and economic dimensions of dietary sustainability，including high environmental costs of agricultural production，large social differences in food consumption，and higher incidence of nutrition-related diseases. From the perspective of the whole industry chain，the causes of the above-mentioned problems include the transfer of agricultural production to ecologically fragile areas，serious food waste，imperfect food logistics and social security system，and the relative lack of nutrition awareness of residents. In view of the problems，this report puts forward specific suggestions，including building a food policy system with sustainable diets as the core，utilizing waste classification to reduce food loss and waste，strengthening diets education and nutrition information intervention for different population groups，and reinforcing food distribution function of circulation infrastructure and social security system.