随着社会与家庭结构发生变迁、残疾人数量日益增长,广州市失能、半失能残疾人,特别是中重度智力残疾、精神残疾和多重残疾人对托养服务的需求激增。文献资料和调查数据显示,广州市虽是全国最早开展残疾人托养服务的城市之一,但残疾人托养服务依然面临一系列的问题:总体上托养服务供给不足、受益人数少,区域资源分布不均,社区托养服务不发达,居家托养处于初级阶段,能提供托养服务的社会组织数量少、服务专业程度较低、资金短缺等。这一系列问题后面隐藏的是一套有待完善的残疾人托养服务政策框架。文章运用社会政策福利多元的分析框架对相关政策从受益对象、给付方式、资金来源和服务输送系统等方面进行分析,发现托养服务资金投入不足、区域资源分配不均、缺乏服务人员行业标准和资格认证等问题。最后,提出要大力发展社区照护服务和居家照护服务、加大政府资金投入力度、鼓励社会力量参与和完善照顾者体系等政策建议,以期推进残疾人长期照护(托养)服务的可持续发展。
<<With the changes of social and family structure and the increasing number of disabled people,the demand for foster care services of disabled and semi disabled people in Guangzhou,especially those with severe intelligence,spirit and multiple disabilities,has increased sharply. Literature and survey data show that although Guangzhou is one of the earliest cities to provide care services for the disabled,care services for the disabled still face a series of problems:on the whole,the supply of care services is insufficient,the number of beneficiaries is small,the distribution of regional resources is uneven,community care services are underdeveloped,home care is in the primary stage and the number of social organizations that can provide care services The quantity is small,the service professional level is low,the fund is short and so on. Behind the problem lies a set of policy framework to be improved. Using the multi analysis framework of social policy welfare,this paper analyzes the beneficiaries,payment methods,sources of funds and service delivery system,and finds that there are some problems in the policy,such as insufficient investment in supporting service funds,uneven distribution of regional resources,lack of service personnel industry standards and qualification certification. Finally,it puts forward some policy suggestions,such as developing community care service and home care service vigorously,increasing government investment,encouraging social forces to participate in and improving the caregiver system,in order to promote the sustainable development of long-term care (Nursing)service for the disabled.
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