近年来,虽然国际移民总体规模的增长出现明显放缓,但劳工移民规模持续扩大,且流向集中。与此同时,随着自然灾害及地区动乱频发,非常规移民规模也呈现不断扩大趋势。然而在逆全球化思潮的不断抬头的当下,世界主要移民国家的政策走向出现了较大调整。此调整方向可以概括为收紧一般移民与国际保护规模,放宽高层次及技术移民限制,加快人才争夺的进程。中国作为世界最大移民输出国与新兴移民目的国,其移民发展与世界移民发展总体形势密切相关。近年来,中国海外移民规模稳步增长,留学热潮不退,移民年轻化趋势加速显现。同时,随着中国经济不断向好发展,来华国际移民数量也出现较快增长,移民区域流向愈加集中。在华留学生留华发展意愿逐步增强,边境地区临时性劳务合作也不断深化。移民现代化治理水平随着治理理念、治理模式与治理手段的不断升级而显著提升。本文通过对国际层面的全球人口迁移现状、趋势以及部分移民国家的管理政策,及中国国家层面的国际迁入、迁出移民群体、整体治理的现状与特点进行研究分析,结合新冠疫情等时下热点话题,给决策者提供一系列优化国际移民政策的思路与方向。
<<In recent years,while the growth of international migration slows down significantly,migrant workers’ scale keeps increasing,and the flows of labor migration become concentrated. Besides,irregular migration is also expanding due to frequent natural disasters and regional unrest. However,as the ideological trends of “reverse globalization” rises,the major migration destination countries make a significant adjustment to their immigration policy directions. The change can be summarized as tightening the grip on general immigration and international protection,relaxing the restriction on high-level and skilled immigration,and intensifying the competition for talents. As the largest source country of migrants and an emerging migration destination,China’s migration development closely correlates with the overall situation of world migration development. Recently,the scale of Chinese emigration has grown steadily;the upsurge of studying abroad does not retreat,and there is an emerging trend that young people’s proportion becomes larger in the emigrant population. At the same time,accompanying with the continuous economic development in China,the population of international immigrants coming to China also grows rapidly,and the immigration flows are concentrated to specific regions. The willingness of international students in China to stay in China for development is gradually enhanced,and the temporary labor cooperation in border areas is also continuously deepened. The level of modernized immigration governance has also significantly improved with the continuous upgrading of governance concepts,models,and methods.
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