Agricultural and rural modernization is an important part of national modernization. As a pilot province of cooperation with the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas，Jiangsu is exploring a new way for the development of national agricultural and rural modernization. Therefore，exploring the connotation and characteristics of agricultural and rural modernization，building a scientific and reasonable evaluation index system and selecting appropriate evaluation methods are the first to explore the connotation and characteristics of agricultural and rural modernization. Based on the construction of evaluation index system，the development level of agricultural and rural modernization in Jiangsu Province from 2017 to 2019 is evaluated. The results show that the overall level of agricultural and rural modernization in Jiangsu Province is relatively high，and the development level of rural modernization is more prominent，but the development degree of each evaluation index is quite different. It is suggested that Jiangsu should lay a solid foundation，stimulate endogenous power and adhere to the direction of green development in the management and protection of agricultural and rural infrastructure and basic public service facilities，innovation and entrepreneurship and transformation of scientific and technological achievements，ecological environment governance and protection，and the connection mechanism between small farmers and large markets.