Air pollution is closely related to industrial energy consumption，and reducing industrial energy consumption has a positive effect on the prevention and control of air pollution.According to the analysis of the characteristics of industrial energy consumption and atmospheric pollutant emissions in Henan Province during the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan” period，the pressure on the optimization of the industrial energy structure in the province during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period is still high，and the work of atmospheric environmental governance has a long way to go.Through analysis of relevant influencing factors，it puts forward work recommendations such as focusing on reducing the total energy consumption of high-energy-consuming and high-emission industries，optimizing the industrial energy structure，carrying out differentiated management according to local conditions，improving the environmental protection monitoring system，and promoting the positive integrated development of environmental protection economy.