Overall planning to support small farmers and cultivating new agricultural business entities is an effective way to achieve the organic connection between small farmers and modern agricultural development. This report uses the DEA model and the Tobit regression model to analyze the difference in agricultural production efficiency between small farmers and family farms and the impact mechanism on the survey data of 236 farmers of different scales in Xinxiang City，Henan Province. The results show that the agricultural production efficiency of family farms is significantly higher than that of small farmers；in terms of influencing factors，land fertility and agricultural technical guidance have a significant positive impact on the agricultural production efficiency of small farmers and family farms；family farms are more inclined to improve. The education level and the increase of a single piece of arable land can improve the efficiency of agricultural production；and the agricultural production efficiency of small farmers shows a strong dependence on the age of the farmers and the number of years of crop cultivation. Based on this，it is recommended to increase agricultural technical guidance in a targeted manner，moderately expand the scale of agricultural production and operation，strengthen cooperation and alliances between small farmers and new agricultural business entities，and promote the development of high-quality agricultural production.