In recent years，the whole area of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has been oriented towards collective protection and no major development，guided by the ecological protection of the river basin，and green and efficient development，relying on the Yangtze River’s golden waterways and the cross-basin three-dimensional transportation network to promote the upper，middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Significant results have been achieved in the area of high-quality development. This report is based on the basic social development data of 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. It focuses on the social development including population development，residents’ income，education，health care，elderly care services，employment security，social security payments，and assistance for disadvantaged groups. While analyzing the basic trend of social development in the Yangtze River economic belt，the paper tries to clarify the current situation and problems，excavate the pain points and clarify the ideas，so as to provide reference for further promoting the coordinated economic and social development of the whole basin and creating a high-quality social development cluster area.