This report mainly evaluates the ecological security barrier of the upper reaches of the Yellow River in Gannan plateau from three aspects：ecological environment，ecological economy and ecological society. According to the research，in the upper reaches of the Yellow River on the Gannan plateau in 2017，the ecological security status of Linxia city is ideal and the ecological security degree is safe. The state of ecological security in Linxia，Kangle and Guanghe counties is good and the degree of ecological security is relatively safe. The ecological security status of Hezheng county，Jishi mountain county，Hezuo city，Lintan county and Luqu county was general，and the ecological security degree was early alarming. The ecological security of Zhuoni county，Maqu county and Xiahe county is poor and the degree of ecological security is dangerous. Therefore，in the process of building ecological security barriers，the region should strengthen the management of ecological areas，build a reasonable disaster prevention system，improve the disaster prevention mechanism，enhance the public awareness of disaster prevention，and apply advanced science and technology in the action of disaster prevention and reduction，so as to coordinate the ecology，economy and society and achieve sustainable development.