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谢伏瞻
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李培林
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    2002~2020年北京生活垃圾源头分类现状与分析报告

    摘要

    随着修订后的《北京市生活垃圾管理条例》的正式实施,北京开启了全面推行生活垃圾分类新篇章。源头分类是垃圾分类管理的关键环节和难点,而居民是生活垃圾分类中的行动者,对垃圾分类能否成功起着基础性作用。目前北京探索的四种垃圾分类投放模式更多的是作为责任主体的居民在前端分类,缺乏前端分类中居民、物业和街道社区三方的相互协同,有必要对目前北京生活垃圾分类的现状与模式进行整体梳理,寻找一条既能够明确居民、物业和街道社区的责任与义务,又切实可行的生活垃圾源头分类机制。在源头分类上,目前存在居民参与率低、物业主动性低、在范围上覆盖面窄、在监督上效力不足等问题。建议实施居民、物业和街道社区的“三级分类递进机制”,固化社区干部下沉到社区垃圾分类的工作机制,发挥社区关键人群积极参与垃圾分类的示范作用,建立生活垃圾数据库和街道垃圾分类促进中心,鼓励小区引进社会资源实现厨余垃圾不出社区,构建全覆盖的垃圾分类数字化监管督导系统。 <<
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    Abstract

    With the implementation of the revised “Regulations on the Administration of Domestic Waste in Beijing”,Beijing has launched a new chapter on the full implementation of the classification of domestic waste. Source classification is the key link and difficulty of garbage classification management,and the residents are the actors in the garbage classification,which plays a fundamental role in the success of garbage classification. At present,the four types of waste classification models explored in Beijing are more useful experience in the front-end classification of residents as the subject of responsibility,lack of the front-end classification of residents,property and street communities in the coordination between the three sides,it is necessary to Beijing’s current domestic waste classification status and model of the overall comb,to find a can be clear residents,property and street community responsibility and obligations,but also feasible source classification mechanism of domestic waste classification. In source classification,there are problems such as low participation rate of residents,low property initiative,low coverage in scope and insufficient effectiveness in supervision. It is suggested to implement the three-level classification mechanism of residents,property and community,to solidify the working mechanism of community cadres sinking into the classification of community garbage,to give play to the demonstration role of community key people participating in the classification of garbage,to set up the database of domestic garbage and the promotion center of street garbage classification,to encourage the community to introduce social resources to realize kitchen waste out of the community,and to construct a fully covered digital supervision system of garbage classification.

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    作者简介
    汤文仙:汤文仙,博士,高级经济师,北京城市学院副教授,首都城市环境建设研究基地研究员。
    刘国海:刘国海,高级工程师,北京城市学院副教授,首都城市环境建设研究基地研究员。
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