National key poverty alleviation counties in Sichuan Province are mainly distributed in Liangshan Prefecture （11），Ganzi Prefecture （5），Aba Prefecture （3），Guangyuan City （3） and other biodiversity-rich regions，most of which are located in remote mountains，rock hills，and plateaus，with complex topography and landform. It is urgent to strengthen the research on the long-term mechanism of ecological poverty alleviation in Sichuan biodiversity-rich regions. This paper describes the significance of ecological poverty alleviation in biodiversity conservation and building a well-off society in an all-round way，and reveals the importance of ecological poverty alleviation for poverty-stricken areas in Sichuan Province. Then，this paper analyzes the primary problems and challenges facing socio-economic development and biodiversity conservation in the region from the aspects of threatened survival of biodiversity，high risk of ecological environment being damaged，conflicts between traditional lifestyles and nature protection，and lack of scientific and reasonable ecological compensation mechanisms. It also studies the basic meaning of poverty alleviation through the development and conservation of local ecological resources and the poverty-causing factors in Sichuan’s biodiversity-rich regions. On this basis，the paper proposes different characteristics and fundamental connotations of the ecological poverty alleviation model of both the forestry and the grassland husbandry，exemplified by the ecological poverty alleviation model of grassland husbandry in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. Finally，through multi-level analysis and exploration of ecological poverty alleviation，it is proposed to promote ecological protection and construction for poverty alleviation centering on ecosystem restoration at the basic level，sourcing from ecological resources’ consumption at the service level，marketing ecological products at the industrial level，and building a sound ecological protection system at the guarantee level to make ecological compensation for poverty alleviation. That’s how we can establish a long-term poverty alleviation mechanism in a systematical way.