The essence of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Ecological Civilization can be summarized as treating lucid waters and lush mountains as gold and silver mountains. In the construction of the rule of law in the field of forestry and grassland，the Government of Shanxi Province has taken Xi Jinping’s Thought on Ecological Civilization as the guidance and the law-based forest and grassland management as the precondition of practicing Xi Jinping’s idea of treating lucid waters and lush mountains as gold and silver mountains，based itself on the actual condition of the province，namely the high-degree coincidence and reciprocal causation between ecological fragility and extreme poverty，applied the rule of law thinking and method to improve ecological environment and lift people out of poverty，realized the organic combination of afforestation，beautification and profitization of land，increased green land，income and efficiency，and found an innovative way of closely combining ecological governance and poverty relief. The Government of Shanxi Province has achieved marked results in the construction of rule of law in the field of forestry and grassland mainly because it has always taken the improvement of ecological environment and poverty relief as its goals and tasks and the establishment of a long-term mechanism for closely combining ecological governance and ecological poverty alleviation as the core of its work.