After years of reform and construction，Beijing has initially formed a relatively complete prevention and control system for public health at the grass-roots level. This paper discusses that under the background of both high social risks and social mobility，there are some shortcomings in the construction of the grass-roots prevention and control system for public health in China，such as stressing disposal at the expense of prevention，lack of professional human resources，shortage of prevention and control materials，difficulty in coordination between departments，and poor channels for social participation，etc. Targeted measures are put forward to raise awareness of prevention and control measures for public health，strengthen the training of professional human resources，improve the stores of prevention and control materials，promote departmental synergy and broaden channels for social participation.