Over recent decades，as the rate of overweight and obesity in Chinese children continuedly increased，it has become a major public problem threatening the health of Chinese children. According to the “WS/T586-2018 Overweight and Obesity Screening for School-age Children and Adolescents，” from 1991 to 2015，the overweight rate of boys rose from 3.8 percent to 12.7 percent，with the obesity rate rose from 2.3 percent to 15.2 percent；and the overweight rate of girls rose from 4.8 percent to 10.7 percent，with the obesity rate rose from 2.5 percent to 10.1 percent. In 2015，the overweight and obesity rate of boys was higher than that of girls，the low-age group was greater than that of the high-age group，and urban areas was greater than rural areas. From 1993 to 2015，the abdominal obesity rate of boys rose from 3.9 percent to 18.8 percent，with the girls from 6.3 percent to 19.8 percent. Obesity in children may cause reversible damage to the cardiovascular system，kidneys and liver，and may also cause psychological problems such as low self-esteem，depression，and anxiety. Factors such as heredity，diet，physical activity，family environment，and social environment are related to the occurrence of overweight and obesity in children. It is necessary to take effective measures in various aspects and from different perspectives，such as dietary behavior，physical exercise，and lifestyle to prevent and control children’s obesity.