COVID-19 that broke out during the Spring Festival in 2020 is a major event for the life course of primary and middle school students，which has brought a huge impact on their daily life. Understanding the difficulties in their studies and lives during the pandemic and having a sightful invision on the social problems exposed to public crisis are an important subject to be explored. The report uses the survey data of the “Learning and Living Conditions of Primary and Middle School Students during the Pandemic” conducted by the New Urbanization and Sustainable Development Research Group of Xi’an Jiaotong University in February 2020，analyzing in a systematic way of students’family living conditions，home-based learning status，perception on the pandemic，and mental health. To eliminate the negative impact of the pandemic and promote the healthy growth of primary and middle school students，the report recommends to provide the economic and education support for impoverished rural families，strengthen the network system connecting communities，schools，and families，and improve the online education system.