Children’s health not only relates to their life-long health and the health of a family，but also lays the foundation for a country and the nation. In recent years，the overall situation of children’s malnutrition and anemia has been improved，but the incidence of overweight and obesity is on the rise. Children’s nutrition status varies regionally，and multiple challenges coexist such as undernutrition，hidden hunger，overweight and obesity. At present，the situation of children’s injuries and deaths in China has been significantly improved，and the number of children’s injuries have fallen sharply，but regional differences are shown obviously. As the society develops and the living environment improves，the spectrum of children’s diseases in China has also changed. The detection rate of poor vision and myopia in children remains high and is on the rise，and the overall physical fitness is declining. Meanwhile，the problems of children’s dental caries，mental health，smoking and drinking，and reproductive health cannot be overlooked. Under such circumstances，all measures such as strengthening education，improving children’s nutrition，taking injury prevention interventions，and promoting a healthy lifestyle among children should be carried on.