Scientific understanding of climate change and active response has a significant and far-reaching impact on global sustainable development. Strengthening China’s scientific and technological efforts to address climate change is an important and fundamental work to address the challenge of climate change. Based on bibliometric analysis，the situation of basic science of climate change，adaptation and mitigation technologies，and global climate governance for main countries were analyzed in this paper. China ranks second in the number of scientific papers published on climate change，but its overall impact needs to be accelerated. Through the analysis of key technology cases，such as the earth system model，future strategy-leading technology and the cultivation of science and technology industry，the current situation and existing problems of science and technology in China’s response to climate change was sorted out. Finally，the prospect of science and technology development in China’s response to climate change was put forward.