The Yellow River Basin is not only the second largest river basin in China but also the important birthplace of Chinese civilization. The Yellow River Basin is an important ecological barrier and an important economic zone in China，which has a very important position in China’s economic development and ecological security. Exploring the Yellow River Basin’s response to climate change and high-quality development is of positive significance for optimizing the national strategic layout. Under the background of global warming，the future climate of the Yellow River Basin will show temperature rise trend and have heavy precipitation events. This article comprehensively considers the basic characteristics of the ecological environment of the Yellow River Basin，water resources and climate change factors，and analyzes the Yellow River Basin’s actions to mitigate and adapt to climate change. It is of great significance to carry out future climate change prediction and climate risk assessment of the Yellow River Basin，and then to propose strategies and suggestions to promote the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.