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    2020年英国“脱欧”后的气候变化政策研究

    摘要

    英国“脱欧”是欧洲一体化进程乃至世界政治领域中的一件大事,影响深远。由于英国是全球气候治理中的关键角色之一,英国“脱欧”后的气候变化政策走向备受关注。“脱欧”公投以来,英国的气候变化政策既有“不变”,也有“变化”。不变的是,气候变化政策依然是英国内政外交的优先议程。主要的变化是:第一,机构调整,将能源与气候变化部与商业、创新和技术部合并,成立了商业、能源与工业战略部,将气候变化更多地纳入能源和工业战略;第二,立法调整,新修订的《气候变化法案》2019年开始生效,正式确立英国到2050年实现温室气体“净零排放”的目标;第三,国际合作政策调整,进一步加大国际气候合作力度,主办《联合国气候变化框架公约》第26次缔约方大会,展现英国大国形象。英国“脱欧”后的气候变化政策也面临诸多不确定性,其中“脱欧”过渡期谈判未决和新冠肺炎疫情蔓延是两大不容忽视的不确定性因素。展望未来,英国“脱欧”后的气候变化政策尽管面临一些不确定性,但英国对内致力于低碳发展、对外积极开展气候外交的大方向不会改变,因为这符合英国的核心国家利益。

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    Abstract

    Brexit is a big event for European integration and world politics as well. The international community paid a lot of attention to UK’s post-Brexit climate policy because UK is a key player in global climate governance. There have been both continuity and changes in UK’s climate policy since the Brexit referendum in 2016. The continuity is that climate policy is still high on the domestic and foreign agendas of UK government as before. The major changes are:No.1,institutional adjustment,which means UK’s Department of Energy and Climate Change and Department of Business,Innovation and Skills were amalgamated into Department for Business,Energy and Industrial Strategy with an aim to mainstream climate change issue into UK’s energy and industry strategies. No.2,legislation advance. The amended UK’s Climate Change Act came into force in 2019 to officially set a target of near zero emissions of greenhouse gases by 2050 in UK. No.3,international climate policy adjustment. UK made more efforts to strengthen international climate cooperation,including hosting the 26th UN Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC COP 26),to improve UK’s international image as a big power in the world. However,many uncertainties are confronting UK’s post-Brexit climate policy,including the ongoing transitional negotiation between UK and European Union and the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic. Looking into the future,UK will continue to pursue domestic low carbon development and more actively engage in international climate cooperation despite some uncertainties ahead because this is good for UK’s core national interests.

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    作者简介
    张海滨:张海滨,北京大学国际关系学院副院长,教授。
    胡杉宇:胡杉宇,北京大学国际关系学院2019级在读硕士研究生。
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