The verification and analysis of national sustainable development index system data arrive at five conclusions. First，steady progress has been made in China’s sustainable development. During 2010-2018，the total index has decreased first and then increased steadily year by year. The index reached its lowest in 2011 and then continued to grow since then. Since 2011，importance has been attached to resources and the environment，consumption and emissions，as well as governance and protection，so indicators of sustainable development were on the rise. Second，China’s economic development was gaining momentum. During 2016-2018，the growth rate of economic development indicators remained above 12%，which means during that period of time China’s economy showed signs of a rebound，that new growth drivers were restored after China’s economic structure underwent restructuring and transformation in the past few years，and that China’s economic structure and economic growth continued to improve after entering the new normal. Third，China has made remarkable progress in social and livelihood issues. Fourth，the carrying capacity of China’s resources and environment remains a weak link. Fifth，the impact of consumption and emissions on China’s economic and social activities remains significant. Sixth，results have been yielded in the environmental governance and protection in China.