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注重语文学习实践性,重构语文课教学方式(2020年)

摘要

随着教学改革的不断深入,语文课堂教学面貌发生了很大的改观。然而讲读课文这种教学方式却异常稳定,这是造成语文课高耗低效问题长期存在的深层原因。讲读法指向文章分析能力的培养,超越小学生最近发展区,超越语文课程教学目标,不适应儿童学习运用语言文字的需要。语文是一门实践性课程,应依据学生学习语文规律检讨现有的语文课教学方式,建构以学生实践为主的教学方式,将教学重心从“教”转向“学”,充分发挥学生的主观能动性:首先是要引导学生大量读书,把读书作为语文课的头等大事;其次是强化表达实践,通过表达促进学生主动阅读,提高阅读的有效性;再次是重视语言经验的积累,包括语言材料的积累、语言运用经验的积累和语感培养;最后才是适当的学习方法包括语文知识的学习。与语文实践相比较,方法规律指导是第二位的,不能本末倒置。本文关注语文课堂效率提升这一热点问题,旨在依据语文学习规律,探索重构以实践为主的语文课教学方式,为探索语文课程改革的正确方向提供新的思路。

Abstract

With the continuous deepening of teaching reform,the features of Chinese classroom teaching have changed a lot. However,the teaching method of reading texts is extremely stable,which is the underlying reason for the high consumption and low efficiency in Chinese courses. The method of reading points to cultivate the ability of article analysis,which is overstepping the recent development area of primary school student and the teaching goals of Chinese courses. It is not suitable for the needs of children in learning to use language. Chinese is a practical course. The existing teaching methods of Chinese should be reviewed according to the regular pattern of students’ Chinese learning. We also should construct a teaching method based on student practice and transform the focus of teaching from “teaching” to “learning” and stimulate students’ subjectivity initiative. The first is to guide students to read a lot and take reading as a top priority in Chinese classes. The second is to strengthen the expression practice,promote students’ initiative reading and improve the effectiveness of reading. The third is to focus on the accumulation of language experience,including language materials,language use experience and language sense. The last is the appropriate learning method of Chinese knowledge. Compared with Chinese practice,method and discipline are both. This article focuses on the point of improving the Chinese classroom efficiency and aims to explore the reconstruction of the practice-oriented Chinese teaching which is based on Chinese learning regular. Then it provides new ideas for exploring the correct direction of Chinese curriculum reform.

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作者简介
吴忠豪:吴忠豪,教授,上海师范大学初等教育系原主任、小学语文教学研究中心副主任,研究方向为小学教育、小学语文课程与教学论、外国语文课程与教学、语文教育史等。
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