In this study，we have made a participatory investigation in 64 typical urban communities nationwide and obtained 666 questionnaire and 64 semi-structured interviews to carry out assessment and analysis on ecological management and public health service capacity of urban communities. We used the ecological management of urban communities and epidemic prevention and control capacity as the research objective. In the criterion layer，we applied sanitation and public health，ecological awareness and behavior，landscape and management service to construct the indicator system. The geographical distance was used to formulate the spatial Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution（TOPSIS）to make the assessment. The results showed that there were apparent differences in the dimensions of sanitation and public health，and ecological awareness and behavior between the traditional communities and new-type communities. Generally，there were drawbacks on the property maintenance and garbage collection and sorting in communities. The satisfaction degree on sanitation and public health was at low levels. In the future，it is suggested that the ecological management of urban communities be strengthened from the perspective of guiding and restraining the consuming behavior and lifestyle of urban residents. It is also necessary to reinforce the public health service capacity.