There are some problems in the construction of modern agricultural industrial system in Heilongjiang Province, such as prominent agricultural structural contradictions, insufficient industrial technological innovation, weak social service ability, low level of industrial integration and development, and tight agricultural ecological environment constraints. During the "14th five year plan" period, Heilongjiang Province should take the multi-dimensional construction path of structural optimization, chain extension, function expansion and industrial integration. By strengthening the top-level design and system innovation, cultivating diversified subjects, promoting the change of factor quality, comprehensively deepening the rural reform, and consolidating the ecological foundation of resources, Heilongjiang Province should accelerate the establishment of a modern agricultural industrial system suitable for large agricultural provinces.