This paper reviews and sorts out the expressions of “new infrastructure”，points out that “new infrastructure” can be defined in broad and narrow senses，and summarizes several typical expressions of new infrastructure，including “seven fields theory”，“three aspects theory”，“new technology driven theory” and “new elements theory”. Based on literature review and news reports，this paper holds that the current investment scale of new infrastructure construction（in the narrow sense）in China is about 1 trillion yuan，accounting for 1.8% of the total fixed asset investment of the whole society；it is expected that the total investment scale of new infrastructure construction will reach 10 trillion yuan in the next five years. The new infrastructure has the “six new” characteristics of new technologies，new heights，new areas，new models，new business formats，and new governance. There are the preconditions for the new infrastructure to “empower” the Chinese economy. The new infrastructure has three attributes：fixed asset investment，modern infrastructure and digital platform，so there are three ways to “empower” China’s high-quality economic development.