The “Polar Silk Road” is an important part of “Belt and Road” Initiative and a major strategic move for China’s participation in Arctic governance in the new era. However，as a non-Arctic，China is in an inferior position in promoting the “Polar Silk Road”. It needs to fully consider the legal environment of the Arctic region and use relevant legal mechanisms. At present，the Arctic legal mechanism is in a state of “fragmentation” and presents issues of ambiguity，exclusivity，conflict and weakness，making China face some risk in promoting “Polar Silk Road” construction，such as the Arctic rights are difficult to be effectively guaranteed，Arctic identity is not fully recognized，and Arctic activities lack legal norms. In this regard，China should take measures from the aspects of improving global legal mechanisms，participating in regional legal mechanisms，innovating multilateral or bilateral legal mechanisms，and advancing domestic Arctic legislative activities，so as to promote the construction of an “community of shared future for Arctic”.