2019年12月,出于确保退休制度公平、有效和在财政层面可持续的考虑,法国政府推出酝酿已久的退休制度改革,计划将现存的42种退休制度简化整合成一个统一的制度,并改变养老金的计发方式,统一改为计分制。改革将削弱现行养老制度的国家责任,增强个人责任。改革遭到相关群体的强烈反对,并爆发了大规模、长时间的抗议示威运动。在巨大的压力面前,马克龙被迫做出让步,取消了改革草案中的个别条款。抗议运动降低了马克龙的民意支持率,但目前法国左右两大传统政党均严重衰退,勒庞领导的极右翼民粹主义政党受诸多因素限制,难以对马克龙构成实质性威胁。
<<In December 2019,the French government launched the pension system reform,planning to reform the current system created after the World War II,merging the 42 existing private and public sector regimes into one universal points-based system,so to make the current system more transparent,fairer and ensure its long-term financial sustainability. The reform was strongly opposed by related groups,and caused massive protests that blocked the public transport. Although the government was forced to withdraw a few items,Macron’s popularity still dropped. But as the two traditional big parties are in serious decline,and the far-right party led by Le Pen has some structural limits,the protests will not pose a fatal threat to Macron and his government.
<<Keywords: | FranceProtestPension System Reform |