Since the 27th National Congress，the Communist Party of Japan has experienced declining number of party members and financial resources. In order to change the passive status quo，the Japanese Communist Party changed some strategies and policy propositions. In order to expand the party’s strength，the Japanese Communist Party adhered to the strategic policy of fighting against conservative and right-wing authorities，increased the possibility of building an opposition party’s united front and forming a coalition government，and shifted the center of inter-party exchanges with foreign parties to Europe and the United States. Based on the development status of the Japanese Communist Party，and given multiple challenges facing internal and external ecological environment，looking ahead to its future development，the challenges outweigh the opportunities，which determines that the Japanese Communist Party will still exist as an opposition party in Japanese politics for a long time to come.