Since the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” period，the Chinese government has published an energy conservation target as a binding indicator for the first time to achieve effective control of environmental pollution problems，and finally achieved good results in practice. Studying the transmission mechanism by how the provinces achieved the energy conservation and emission reduction targets during the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” and “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period，it is good experience for the local governments to complete the emission reduction targets under the dual pressure of deepening structural reform and energy conservation and emission reduction goal. This paper conducts an empirical test on the energy conservation and emission reduction effects of command and control and market-based regulations，focusing on the analysis of the mechanism of energy-saving and emission reduction of two regulatory tools under the pressure of energy conservation target，and finds out the realization. The main role of energy intensity and carbon dioxide emissions decline. The empirical results show that，from the overall perspective，the realization of the energy saving and emission reduction targets during the five-year plan is more dependent on command and control regulations，and the government’s direct control intervention is still an effective means to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction targets. In the long run，the realization of energy conservation and emission reduction targets by environmental regulations is ultimately achieved by technological progress. Environmental regulations effectively achieve energy conservation and emission reduction targets by influencing the development of clean technologies and the inflow of high quality foreign investment. While traditionally ways are difficult to achieve an ideal environmental pollution control effect in terms of energy prices，adjustment of energy consumption structure，and industrial structure.