This chapter introduces the development of non-government elementary education in China in the past year by sorting out relevant policy literature，statistical data and academic research results. In terms of the policy environment of non-government elementary education，under the top-level design of Non-government Education Promoted Law，local governments have successively issued detailed rules on tuition fees，enrollment，school roll supervision and the implementation of classified management systems. From the statistics，the scale of non-government elementary education continues to expand and the market demand is vast. The main source of funds is the undertaking income such as tuition fees. Although the investment of national fiscal funds has increased，the financial support is still low compared with public elementary education. In terms of the teaching staff，compared with the public elementary education，the number of full-time teachers is small and the student-teacher ratio is high. In addition，the development of non-government elementary education is unbalanced. It is not only reflected in the imbalance between non-government and public elementary education，but also in the development of non-government elementary education system. Finally，by combining with relevant academic research，this chapter analyzes the challenges faced by non-government elementary education and provides suggestions for the future development. In view of the problems such as the difficulty in implementing the policies of non-government education，the unclear orientation of running non-government schools，and the small guarantee degree of financial funds，the government should elaborate the classified management policies and innovate the supporting methods，and the non-government education should insist on the misplacement development and provide diversified educational services.